Descriptions of Earth
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Earth has often been personified as a deity, in particular a
goddess. The Chinese Earth goddess Hou-Tu is similar to Gaia, the
deification of the Earth. As the patroness of fertility, her element
is Earth. In Norse mythology, the Earth goddess Jord was the mother
of Thor and the daughter of Annar.
Although commonly thought to be a sphere, the earth is actually an
"oblate spheroid". It bulges slightly at the equator and slightly
flattened at the poles. In the past there were varying levels of
belief in a flat Earth because of this, but ancient Greek
philosophers and, in the Middle Ages, thinkers such as Thomas
Aquinas believed that it was a Spherical Earth. |
Prior to the introduction of space flight, this belief was countered
with deductions based on observations of the secondary effects of
the Earth's shape and parallels drawn with the shape of other
planets. Cartography, the study and practice of mapmaking, and
vicariously geography, have historically been the disciplines
devoted to depicting the Earth. Surveying, the determination of
locations and distances, and to a somewhat lesser extent navigation,
the determination of position and direction, have developed
alongside cartography and geography, providing and suitably
quantifying the requisite information.
The technological developments of the latter half of the 20th
century are widely considered to have altered the public's
perception of the Earth. A photo taken of Earth by Voyager 1
inspired Carl Sagan to describe the planet as a "Pale Blue Dot".
Earth has also been described as a massive spaceship, with a life
support system that requires maintenance, or as having a biosphere
that forms one large organism. See Spaceship Earth and Gaia theory.
In the fictional Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy, Earth was
described as "mostly harmless." |
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