Earth
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Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It is the largest of the
solar system's terrestrial planets and the only place in the
universe known to human beings to harbor life. Scientific evidence
indicates that the Earth was formed around 4.57 billion (4.57×109)
years ago (see Age of the Earth) and that its single natural
satellite, the Moon, was orbiting it shortly thereafter, around
4.533 billion years ago.
Terms that refer to the Earth can use the Latin root terra-, such as
the word terrestrial. There is also the alternative Latin root
tellur-, as used in words such as telluric, tellurian, tellurion and
Tellurium, which derives the goddess Terra Mater's more ancient name
Tellūs Mater. Scientific terms such as geography, geocentric and
geothermal use the Greek prefix geo-, derived from Terra Mater's
Greek counterpart Gaia. |
The English word "earth" has cognates in many modern and ancient
languages. Examples in modern tongues include aarde in Dutch and
Erde in German. The root also has cognates in extinct languages such
as ertha in Old Saxon and ert (meaning "ground") in Middle Irish,
derived from the Old English eorše. All these words are derived from
the Proto-Indo-European base *er-. Given metathesis, we can find
cognates of "earth" between terra and the modern Romance languages,
for instance tierra in Spanish or terra in Portuguese.
Several Semitic languages have words for "earth" similar to those in
Indo-European languages, although evidence of a link is not
overwhelming. Arabic has aard; Akkadian, irtsitu; Aramaic, araa;
Phoenician, erets (which appears in the Mesha Stele); and Hebrew,
ארץ (arets, or erets when followed by a noun modifier). |
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